Contents of /alx-src/tags/kernel26-2.6.12-alx-r9/Documentation/Changes
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Tag kernel26-2.6.12-alx-r9
1 | Intro |
2 | ===== |
3 | |
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of |
5 | software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief |
6 | instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when |
7 | trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x |
8 | kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for |
9 | additional information; most of that information will not be repeated |
10 | here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already |
11 | functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels. |
12 | |
13 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels |
14 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, |
15 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the |
16 | 'net). |
17 | |
18 | The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always |
19 | be found at <http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/>. |
20 | |
21 | Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a |
22 | URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this |
23 | document. |
24 | |
25 | Smotrite file <http://oblom.rnc.ru/linux/kernel/Changes.ru>, yavlyaushisya |
26 | russkim perevodom dannogo documenta. |
27 | |
28 | Visite <http://www2.adi.uam.es/~ender/tecnico/> para obtener la traducción |
29 | al español de este documento en varios formatos. |
30 | |
31 | Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter |
32 | <http://www.stefan-winter.de/Changes-2.4.0.txt>. |
33 | |
34 | Last updated: October 29th, 2002 |
35 | |
36 | Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu). |
37 | |
38 | Current Minimal Requirements |
39 | ============================ |
40 | |
41 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've |
42 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently |
43 | running, the suggested command should tell you. |
44 | |
45 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already |
46 | functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are |
47 | necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC |
48 | Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself |
49 | with pcmcia-cs. |
50 | |
51 | o Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version |
52 | o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version |
53 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v |
54 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version |
55 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V |
56 | o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs |
57 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
58 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs |
59 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V |
60 | o pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 # cardmgr -V |
61 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
62 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version |
63 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version |
64 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version |
65 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version |
66 | o oprofile 0.5.3 # oprofiled --version |
67 | |
68 | Kernel compilation |
69 | ================== |
70 | |
71 | GCC |
72 | --- |
73 | |
74 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your |
75 | computer. The next paragraph applies to users of x86 CPUs, but not |
76 | necessarily to users of other CPUs. Users of other CPUs should obtain |
77 | information about their gcc version requirements from another source. |
78 | |
79 | The recommended compiler for the kernel is gcc 2.95.x (x >= 3), and it |
80 | should be used when you need absolute stability. You may use gcc 3.0.x |
81 | instead if you wish, although it may cause problems. Later versions of gcc |
82 | have not received much testing for Linux kernel compilation, and there are |
83 | almost certainly bugs (mainly, but not exclusively, in the kernel) that |
84 | will need to be fixed in order to use these compilers. In any case, using |
85 | pgcc instead of plain gcc is just asking for trouble. |
86 | |
87 | The Red Hat gcc 2.96 compiler subtree can also be used to build this tree. |
88 | You should ensure you use gcc-2.96-74 or later. gcc-2.96-54 will not build |
89 | the kernel correctly. |
90 | |
91 | In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything |
92 | greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95.x |
93 | or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on |
94 | your version of gcc 2.95.x, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing). |
95 | |
96 | Make |
97 | ---- |
98 | |
99 | You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel. |
100 | |
101 | Binutils |
102 | -------- |
103 | |
104 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for |
105 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile |
106 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent |
107 | release of binutils. |
108 | |
109 | System utilities |
110 | ================ |
111 | |
112 | Architectural changes |
113 | --------------------- |
114 | |
115 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev |
116 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) |
117 | |
118 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! |
119 | |
120 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline |
121 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their |
122 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the |
123 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook |
124 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, |
125 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from |
126 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as |
127 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. |
128 | |
129 | Util-linux |
130 | ---------- |
131 | |
132 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, |
133 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition |
134 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. |
135 | You'll probably want to upgrade. |
136 | |
137 | Ksymoops |
138 | -------- |
139 | |
140 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.4 |
141 | version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the |
142 | root of the Linux source for more information. |
143 | |
144 | Module-Init-Tools |
145 | ----------------- |
146 | |
147 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools |
148 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. |
149 | |
150 | Mkinitrd |
151 | -------- |
152 | |
153 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that |
154 | mkinitrd be upgraded. |
155 | |
156 | E2fsprogs |
157 | --------- |
158 | |
159 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and |
160 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. |
161 | |
162 | JFSutils |
163 | -------- |
164 | |
165 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. |
166 | The following utilities are available: |
167 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check |
168 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. |
169 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. |
170 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. |
171 | |
172 | Reiserfsprogs |
173 | ------------- |
174 | |
175 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x |
176 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working |
177 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and |
178 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. |
179 | |
180 | Xfsprogs |
181 | -------- |
182 | |
183 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the |
184 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is |
185 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should |
186 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or |
187 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). |
188 | |
189 | |
190 | Pcmcia-cs |
191 | --------- |
192 | |
193 | PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main |
194 | kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-). |
195 | Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release. |
196 | |
197 | Quota-tools |
198 | ----------- |
199 | |
200 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use |
201 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and |
202 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer |
203 | from the table above. |
204 | |
205 | Intel IA32 microcode |
206 | -------------------- |
207 | |
208 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, |
209 | accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc) |
210 | character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to: |
211 | |
212 | mkdir /dev/cpu |
213 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 |
214 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode |
215 | |
216 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to |
217 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. |
218 | |
219 | Powertweak |
220 | ---------- |
221 | |
222 | If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to |
223 | version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems |
224 | with programs using shared memory. |
225 | |
226 | udev |
227 | ---- |
228 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with |
229 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces devfs. |
230 | |
231 | Networking |
232 | ========== |
233 | |
234 | General changes |
235 | --------------- |
236 | |
237 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably |
238 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. |
239 | |
240 | Packet Filter / NAT |
241 | ------------------- |
242 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x |
243 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules |
244 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. |
245 | |
246 | PPP |
247 | --- |
248 | |
249 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to |
250 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, |
251 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. |
252 | |
253 | If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
254 | which can be made by: |
255 | |
256 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 |
257 | |
258 | as root. |
259 | |
260 | If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need |
261 | the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file: |
262 | |
263 | LOOKUP PPP MODLOAD |
264 | |
265 | Isdn4k-utils |
266 | ------------ |
267 | |
268 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils |
269 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. |
270 | |
271 | NFS-utils |
272 | --------- |
273 | |
274 | In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any |
275 | client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This |
276 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client |
277 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs |
278 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. |
279 | |
280 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct |
281 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement |
282 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from |
283 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. |
284 | |
285 | With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it |
286 | gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate |
287 | export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on |
288 | rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently |
289 | active clients. |
290 | |
291 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: |
292 | |
293 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfs |
294 | |
295 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS |
296 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where |
297 | that is possible. |
298 | |
299 | Getting updated software |
300 | ======================== |
301 | |
302 | Kernel compilation |
303 | ****************** |
304 | |
305 | gcc 2.95.3 |
306 | ---------- |
307 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz> |
308 | |
309 | Make |
310 | ---- |
311 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> |
312 | |
313 | Binutils |
314 | -------- |
315 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> |
316 | |
317 | System utilities |
318 | **************** |
319 | |
320 | Util-linux |
321 | ---------- |
322 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> |
323 | |
324 | Ksymoops |
325 | -------- |
326 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> |
327 | |
328 | Module-Init-Tools |
329 | ----------------- |
330 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> |
331 | |
332 | Mkinitrd |
333 | -------- |
334 | o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/> |
335 | |
336 | E2fsprogs |
337 | --------- |
338 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> |
339 | |
340 | JFSutils |
341 | -------- |
342 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> |
343 | |
344 | Reiserfsprogs |
345 | ------------- |
346 | o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz> |
347 | |
348 | Xfsprogs |
349 | -------- |
350 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/> |
351 | |
352 | Pcmcia-cs |
353 | --------- |
354 | o <ftp://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/pub/pcmcia-cs/pcmcia-cs-3.1.21.tar.gz> |
355 | |
356 | Quota-tools |
357 | ---------- |
358 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> |
359 | |
360 | DocBook Stylesheets |
361 | ------------------- |
362 | o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/> |
363 | |
364 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
365 | ------------------- |
366 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> |
367 | |
368 | Intel P6 microcode |
369 | ------------------ |
370 | o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/> |
371 | |
372 | Powertweak |
373 | ---------- |
374 | o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/> |
375 | |
376 | udev |
377 | ---- |
378 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html> |
379 | |
380 | Networking |
381 | ********** |
382 | |
383 | PPP |
384 | --- |
385 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz> |
386 | |
387 | Isdn4k-utils |
388 | ------------ |
389 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz> |
390 | |
391 | NFS-utils |
392 | --------- |
393 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> |
394 | |
395 | Iptables |
396 | -------- |
397 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> |
398 | |
399 | Ip-route2 |
400 | --------- |
401 | o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> |
402 | |
403 | OProfile |
404 | -------- |
405 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> |
406 | |
407 | NFS-Utils |
408 | --------- |
409 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> |
410 |