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Tag kernel26-2.6.12-alx-r9
1 | How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode |
2 | ----------------------------------------------- |
3 | |
4 | Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk) |
5 | Date created: January 2, 2004 |
6 | Last modified: July 10, 2004 |
7 | |
8 | Introduction |
9 | ------------ |
10 | |
11 | Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, |
12 | to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant |
13 | power savings. |
14 | |
15 | Contents |
16 | -------- |
17 | |
18 | * Introduction |
19 | * Installation |
20 | * Caveats |
21 | * The Details |
22 | * Tips & Tricks |
23 | * Control script |
24 | * ACPI integration |
25 | * Monitoring tool |
26 | |
27 | |
28 | Installation |
29 | ------------ |
30 | |
31 | To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options |
32 | or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and |
33 | laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For |
34 | your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: |
35 | |
36 | http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsamwel/laptop_mode/tools |
37 | |
38 | To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is |
39 | located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in |
40 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. |
41 | |
42 | Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for |
43 | laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop |
44 | mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to |
45 | stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now |
46 | has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) |
47 | |
48 | |
49 | Caveats |
50 | ------- |
51 | |
52 | * The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 |
53 | minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI |
54 | scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, |
55 | so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. |
56 | |
57 | * Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown |
58 | cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). |
59 | Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you |
60 | don't need to. |
61 | |
62 | * If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then |
63 | the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set |
64 | DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the |
65 | wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. |
66 | |
67 | * If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then |
68 | the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. |
69 | You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. |
70 | |
71 | * It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access |
72 | times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and |
73 | experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option |
74 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. |
75 | |
76 | |
77 | The Details |
78 | ----------- |
79 | |
80 | Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is |
81 | present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any |
82 | configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might |
83 | have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The |
84 | result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up |
85 | anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written |
86 | immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode |
87 | knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush |
88 | is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to |
89 | 0 disables laptop mode. |
90 | |
91 | To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode |
92 | control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in |
93 | /proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are |
94 | dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also |
95 | changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages |
96 | is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for |
97 | ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), |
98 | this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which |
99 | occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by |
100 | a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. |
101 | |
102 | If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can |
103 | gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag |
104 | is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and |
105 | all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk |
106 | needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of |
107 | block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using |
108 | "dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes |
109 | kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise |
110 | the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not |
111 | normally there. |
112 | |
113 | |
114 | Configuration |
115 | ------------- |
116 | |
117 | The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on |
118 | Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It |
119 | contains the following options: |
120 | |
121 | MAX_AGE: |
122 | |
123 | Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
124 | confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
125 | amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. |
126 | |
127 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: |
128 | |
129 | Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of |
130 | battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. |
131 | |
132 | AC_HD/BATT_HD: |
133 | |
134 | The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode |
135 | is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are |
136 | 20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The |
137 | possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the |
138 | "-S" option. |
139 | |
140 | HD: |
141 | |
142 | The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. |
143 | Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. |
144 | |
145 | READAHEAD: |
146 | |
147 | Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large |
148 | readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are |
149 | loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data |
150 | (MP3s). |
151 | |
152 | DO_REMOUNTS: |
153 | |
154 | The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems |
155 | with approriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this |
156 | feature is disabled. |
157 | |
158 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: |
159 | |
160 | When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? |
161 | Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require |
162 | access time recording. |
163 | |
164 | DIRTY_RATIO: |
165 | |
166 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data |
167 | before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to |
168 | the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. |
169 | |
170 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: |
171 | |
172 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data |
173 | after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set |
174 | this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
175 | sysctl. |
176 | |
177 | Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different |
178 | when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, |
179 | dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts |
180 | start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts |
181 | are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback |
182 | is done when dirty_ratio is reached. |
183 | |
184 | DO_CPU: |
185 | |
186 | Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. |
187 | See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) |
188 | |
189 | CPU_MAXFREQ: |
190 | |
191 | When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal |
192 | values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, |
193 | or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. |
194 | |
195 | |
196 | Tips & Tricks |
197 | ------------- |
198 | |
199 | * Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top |
200 | of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). |
201 | |
202 | * You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead |
203 | to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at |
204 | once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek |
205 | Kania.) |
206 | |
207 | * Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number |
208 | of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen |
209 | this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that |
210 | might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." |
211 | |
212 | * In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the |
213 | file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't |
214 | spin down, this is a likely culprit. |
215 | |
216 | * Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd |
217 | (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode |
218 | from doing its thing. |
219 | |
220 | * If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB |
221 | memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though |
222 | that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse |
223 | may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling |
224 | filesystems on flash memory sticks.) |
225 | |
226 | |
227 | Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts |
228 | ------------------------------------------------------- |
229 | |
230 | This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external |
231 | configuration file |
232 | |
233 | It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as |
234 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. |
235 | |
236 | --------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- |
237 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
238 | # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
239 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. |
240 | #MAX_AGE=600 |
241 | |
242 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery |
243 | # that you have left goes below this threshold. |
244 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 |
245 | |
246 | # Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG |
247 | # by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk |
248 | # will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is |
249 | # playing. |
250 | #READAHEAD=4096 |
251 | |
252 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) |
253 | #DO_REMOUNTS=1 |
254 | |
255 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) |
256 | #DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 |
257 | |
258 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process |
259 | # which |
260 | # calls write() does its own writeback |
261 | #DIRTY_RATIO=40 |
262 | |
263 | # |
264 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been |
265 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount |
266 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once |
267 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. |
268 | # |
269 | #DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 |
270 | |
271 | # kernel default dirty buffer age |
272 | #DEF_AGE=30 |
273 | #DEF_UPDATE=5 |
274 | #DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 |
275 | #DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 |
276 | #DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 |
277 | #DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 |
278 | #DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 |
279 | |
280 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel |
281 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in |
282 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still |
283 | # needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for |
284 | # external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't |
285 | # need to change this on 2.6. |
286 | #XFS_HZ=100 |
287 | |
288 | # Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? |
289 | # Requires CPUFreq to be setup. |
290 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info |
291 | #DO_CPU=0 |
292 | |
293 | # When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should |
294 | # use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your |
295 | # CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: |
296 | # /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies |
297 | # Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. |
298 | #CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest |
299 | |
300 | # Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) |
301 | # Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). |
302 | #AC_HD=244 |
303 | #BATT_HD=4 |
304 | |
305 | # The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, |
306 | # e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". |
307 | #HD="/dev/hda" |
308 | |
309 | # Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? |
310 | #DO_HD=1 |
311 | |
312 | --------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- |
313 | |
314 | |
315 | Control script |
316 | -------------- |
317 | |
318 | Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks |
319 | to Kiko Piris). |
320 | |
321 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- |
322 | #!/bin/bash |
323 | |
324 | # start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when |
325 | # ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop |
326 | # |
327 | # install as /sbin/laptop_mode |
328 | # |
329 | # Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris |
330 | # Bart Samwel |
331 | # Micha Feigin |
332 | # Andrew Morton |
333 | # Herve Eychenne |
334 | # Dax Kelson |
335 | # |
336 | # Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe |
337 | |
338 | ############################################################################# |
339 | |
340 | # Source config |
341 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then |
342 | # Debian |
343 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode |
344 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then |
345 | # Others |
346 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode |
347 | fi |
348 | |
349 | # Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete |
350 | # set defaults instead: |
351 | |
352 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
353 | # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
354 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. |
355 | MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} |
356 | |
357 | # Read-ahead, in kilobytes |
358 | READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} |
359 | |
360 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropiate commit interval? (1=yes) |
361 | DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} |
362 | |
363 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) |
364 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} |
365 | |
366 | # Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? |
367 | DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} |
368 | |
369 | # Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? |
370 | HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" |
371 | |
372 | # spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) |
373 | AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} |
374 | BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} |
375 | |
376 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which |
377 | # calls write() does its own writeback |
378 | DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} |
379 | |
380 | # cpu frequency scaling |
381 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info |
382 | DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} |
383 | CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} |
384 | |
385 | # |
386 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been |
387 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount |
388 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once |
389 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. |
390 | # |
391 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} |
392 | |
393 | # kernel default dirty buffer age |
394 | DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} |
395 | DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} |
396 | DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} |
397 | DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} |
398 | DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} |
399 | DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} |
400 | DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} |
401 | |
402 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel |
403 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in |
404 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs |
405 | # some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external |
406 | # interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to |
407 | # change this on 2.6. |
408 | XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} |
409 | |
410 | ############################################################################# |
411 | |
412 | KLEVEL="$(uname -r | |
413 | { |
414 | IFS='.' read a b c |
415 | echo $a.$b |
416 | } |
417 | )" |
418 | case "$KLEVEL" in |
419 | "2.4"|"2.6") |
420 | ;; |
421 | *) |
422 | echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 |
423 | exit 1 |
424 | ;; |
425 | esac |
426 | |
427 | if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then |
428 | echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 |
429 | exit 1 |
430 | fi |
431 | |
432 | if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then |
433 | echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 |
434 | exit 1 |
435 | fi |
436 | |
437 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from |
438 | # a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). |
439 | parse_mount_opts () { |
440 | OPT="$1" |
441 | shift |
442 | echo ",$*," | sed \ |
443 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ |
444 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ |
445 | -e 's/^,//' \ |
446 | -e 's/,$//' |
447 | } |
448 | |
449 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from |
450 | # a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). |
451 | parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { |
452 | OPT="$1" |
453 | shift |
454 | echo ",$*," | sed \ |
455 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ |
456 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ |
457 | -e 's/^,//' \ |
458 | -e 's/,$//' |
459 | } |
460 | |
461 | # Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in |
462 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the |
463 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device |
464 | # is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default |
465 | # value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. |
466 | # |
467 | # Example: |
468 | # parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime |
469 | # |
470 | # If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result |
471 | # will be "defaults,atime". |
472 | parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { |
473 | L_DEV="$1" |
474 | OPT="$2" |
475 | DEF_OPT="$3" |
476 | shift 3 |
477 | L_OPTS="$*" |
478 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" |
479 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" |
480 | # Watch for a default atime in fstab |
481 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" |
482 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then |
483 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it |
484 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then |
485 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" |
486 | else |
487 | # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. |
488 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" |
489 | fi |
490 | else |
491 | # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. |
492 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" |
493 | fi |
494 | } |
495 | |
496 | # Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in |
497 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the |
498 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device |
499 | # is the first argument, and the option name the second. The |
500 | # remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement |
501 | # must be done. |
502 | # |
503 | # Example: |
504 | # parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 |
505 | # |
506 | # If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the |
507 | # result will be "rw,commit=3". |
508 | parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { |
509 | L_DEV="$1" |
510 | OPT="$2" |
511 | shift 2 |
512 | L_OPTS="$*" |
513 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" |
514 | # Watch for a default commit in fstab |
515 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" |
516 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then |
517 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it |
518 | echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" |
519 | echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ |
520 | -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ |
521 | -e 's/,.*//' |
522 | else |
523 | # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 |
524 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" |
525 | fi |
526 | } |
527 | |
528 | deduce_fstype () { |
529 | MP="$1" |
530 | # My root filesystem unfortunately has |
531 | # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter |
532 | # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. |
533 | cat /etc/fstab | |
534 | grep -v '^#' | |
535 | while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do |
536 | if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then |
537 | echo $FSTAB_FST |
538 | exit 0 |
539 | fi |
540 | done |
541 | } |
542 | |
543 | if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then |
544 | NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" |
545 | fi |
546 | |
547 | case "$1" in |
548 | start) |
549 | AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) |
550 | XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) |
551 | echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" |
552 | |
553 | if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then |
554 | # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) |
555 | # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when |
556 | # laptop mode is enabled. |
557 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age |
558 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval |
559 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then |
560 | # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) |
561 | # The same goes for these. |
562 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer |
563 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval |
564 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then |
565 | # (2.6.6) |
566 | # But not for these -- they are also used in normal |
567 | # operation. |
568 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer |
569 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval |
570 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then |
571 | # (2.6.7 upwards) |
572 | # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, |
573 | # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. |
574 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs |
575 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs |
576 | echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs |
577 | fi |
578 | |
579 | case "$KLEVEL" in |
580 | "2.4") |
581 | echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
582 | echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush |
583 | ;; |
584 | "2.6") |
585 | echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
586 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs |
587 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs |
588 | echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio |
589 | echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
590 | ;; |
591 | esac |
592 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then |
593 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do |
594 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" |
595 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then |
596 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) |
597 | fi |
598 | case "$FST" in |
599 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") |
600 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" |
601 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT |
602 | ;; |
603 | "xfs") |
604 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT |
605 | ;; |
606 | esac |
607 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then |
608 | blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV |
609 | fi |
610 | done |
611 | fi |
612 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then |
613 | for THISHD in $HD ; do |
614 | /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
615 | /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
616 | done |
617 | fi |
618 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then |
619 | if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then |
620 | CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` |
621 | fi |
622 | echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq |
623 | fi |
624 | echo "." |
625 | ;; |
626 | stop) |
627 | U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) |
628 | B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) |
629 | echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" |
630 | echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
631 | if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then |
632 | # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. |
633 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer |
634 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval |
635 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then |
636 | # These need to be restored as well. |
637 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs |
638 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs |
639 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs |
640 | fi |
641 | case "$KLEVEL" in |
642 | "2.4") |
643 | echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush |
644 | ;; |
645 | "2.6") |
646 | echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs |
647 | echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs |
648 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio |
649 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
650 | ;; |
651 | esac |
652 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then |
653 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do |
654 | # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. |
655 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then |
656 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) |
657 | fi |
658 | case "$FST" in |
659 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") |
660 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" |
661 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" |
662 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS |
663 | ;; |
664 | "xfs") |
665 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" |
666 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS |
667 | ;; |
668 | esac |
669 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then |
670 | blockdev --setra 256 $DEV |
671 | fi |
672 | done |
673 | fi |
674 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then |
675 | for THISHD in $HD ; do |
676 | /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
677 | /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
678 | done |
679 | fi |
680 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then |
681 | echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq |
682 | fi |
683 | echo "." |
684 | ;; |
685 | *) |
686 | echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 |
687 | exit 1 |
688 | ;; |
689 | |
690 | esac |
691 | |
692 | exit 0 |
693 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ |
694 | |
695 | |
696 | ACPI integration |
697 | ---------------- |
698 | |
699 | Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will |
700 | kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that |
701 | automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was |
702 | writen by Jan Topinski. |
703 | |
704 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ |
705 | event=ac_adapter |
706 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e |
707 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- |
708 | |
709 | |
710 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- |
711 | event=battery.* |
712 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e |
713 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ |
714 | |
715 | |
716 | ----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- |
717 | #!/bin/bash |
718 | |
719 | # ac on/offline event handler |
720 | |
721 | status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` |
722 | |
723 | case $status in |
724 | "on-line") |
725 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop |
726 | exit 0 |
727 | ;; |
728 | "off-line") |
729 | /sbin/laptop_mode start |
730 | exit 0 |
731 | ;; |
732 | esac |
733 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- |
734 | |
735 | |
736 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- |
737 | #! /bin/bash |
738 | |
739 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. |
740 | |
741 | BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state |
742 | |
743 | if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] |
744 | then |
745 | LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` |
746 | if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] |
747 | then |
748 | if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] |
749 | then |
750 | # Source the config file only now that we know we need |
751 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then |
752 | # Debian |
753 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode |
754 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then |
755 | # Others |
756 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode |
757 | fi |
758 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} |
759 | |
760 | ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" |
761 | if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] |
762 | then |
763 | PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` |
764 | REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` |
765 | fi |
766 | if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) |
767 | then |
768 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop |
769 | fi |
770 | else |
771 | logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." |
772 | fi |
773 | fi |
774 | fi |
775 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- |
776 | |
777 | |
778 | Monitoring tool |
779 | --------------- |
780 | |
781 | Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk |
782 | spends spun up/down. |
783 | |
784 | ---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- |
785 | /* |
786 | * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor |
787 | * by Bartek Kania |
788 | * Licenced under the GPL |
789 | */ |
790 | #include <unistd.h> |
791 | #include <stdlib.h> |
792 | #include <stdio.h> |
793 | #include <fcntl.h> |
794 | #include <errno.h> |
795 | #include <time.h> |
796 | #include <string.h> |
797 | #include <signal.h> |
798 | #include <sys/ioctl.h> |
799 | #include <linux/hdreg.h> |
800 | |
801 | #ifdef DEBUG |
802 | #define D(x) x |
803 | #else |
804 | #define D(x) |
805 | #endif |
806 | |
807 | int endit = 0; |
808 | |
809 | /* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode |
810 | * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. |
811 | * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ |
812 | int check_powermode(int fd) |
813 | { |
814 | unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; |
815 | int state; |
816 | |
817 | if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) |
818 | && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ |
819 | && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { |
820 | if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { |
821 | state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ |
822 | } else |
823 | state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ |
824 | } else { |
825 | state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; |
826 | } |
827 | D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); |
828 | |
829 | return state; |
830 | } |
831 | |
832 | char *state_name(int i) |
833 | { |
834 | if (i == -1) return "unknown"; |
835 | if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; |
836 | if (i == 1) return "active"; |
837 | |
838 | return "internal error"; |
839 | } |
840 | |
841 | char *myctime(time_t time) |
842 | { |
843 | char *ts = ctime(&time); |
844 | ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; |
845 | |
846 | return ts; |
847 | } |
848 | |
849 | void measure(int fd) |
850 | { |
851 | time_t start_time; |
852 | int last_state; |
853 | time_t last_time; |
854 | int curr_state; |
855 | time_t curr_time = 0; |
856 | time_t time_diff; |
857 | time_t active_time = 0; |
858 | time_t sleep_time = 0; |
859 | time_t unknown_time = 0; |
860 | time_t total_time = 0; |
861 | int changes = 0; |
862 | float tmp; |
863 | |
864 | printf("Starting measurements\n"); |
865 | |
866 | last_state = check_powermode(fd); |
867 | start_time = last_time = time(0); |
868 | printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); |
869 | |
870 | while(!endit) { |
871 | sleep(1); |
872 | curr_state = check_powermode(fd); |
873 | |
874 | if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { |
875 | changes++; |
876 | curr_time = time(0); |
877 | time_diff = curr_time - last_time; |
878 | |
879 | if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; |
880 | else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; |
881 | else unknown_time += time_diff; |
882 | |
883 | last_state = curr_state; |
884 | last_time = curr_time; |
885 | |
886 | printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), |
887 | state_name(curr_state)); |
888 | } |
889 | } |
890 | changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ |
891 | |
892 | total_time = time(0) - start_time; |
893 | printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); |
894 | printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); |
895 | |
896 | tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
897 | printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); |
898 | tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
899 | printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); |
900 | tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
901 | printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); |
902 | } |
903 | |
904 | void ender(int s) |
905 | { |
906 | endit = 1; |
907 | } |
908 | |
909 | void usage() |
910 | { |
911 | puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); |
912 | exit(0); |
913 | } |
914 | |
915 | int main(int ac, char **av) |
916 | { |
917 | int fd; |
918 | char *disk = 0; |
919 | int settle_time = 60; |
920 | |
921 | /* Parse the simple command-line */ |
922 | if (ac == 2) |
923 | disk = av[1]; |
924 | else if (ac == 4) { |
925 | settle_time = atoi(av[2]); |
926 | disk = av[3]; |
927 | } else |
928 | usage(); |
929 | |
930 | if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { |
931 | printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); |
932 | exit(-1); |
933 | } |
934 | |
935 | if (settle_time) { |
936 | printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " |
937 | "'normal'\n", settle_time); |
938 | sleep(settle_time); |
939 | } else |
940 | puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); |
941 | |
942 | signal(SIGINT, ender); |
943 | |
944 | measure(fd); |
945 | |
946 | close(fd); |
947 | |
948 | return 0; |
949 | } |
950 | ---------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- |