busybox/libbb/appletlib.c

/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
 * Utility routines.
 *
 * Copyright (C) tons of folks.  Tracking down who wrote what
 * isn't something I'm going to worry about...  If you wrote something
 * here, please feel free to acknowledge your work.
 *
 * Based in part on code from sash, Copyright (c) 1999 by David I. Bell
 * Permission has been granted to redistribute this code under the GPL.
 *
 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file License in this tarball for details.
 */

/* We are trying to not use printf, this benefits the case when selected
 * applets are really simple. Example:
 *
 * $ ./busybox
 * ...
 * Currently defined functions:
 *         basename, false, true
 *
 * $ size busybox
 *    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
 *    4473      52      72    4597    11f5 busybox
 *
 * FEATURE_INSTALLER or FEATURE_SUID will still link printf routines in. :(
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include "busybox.h"


/* Declare <applet>_main() */
#define PROTOTYPES
#include "applets.h"
#undef PROTOTYPES

#if ENABLE_SHOW_USAGE && !ENABLE_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE
/* Define usage_messages[] */
static const char usage_messages[] ALIGN1 = ""
#define MAKE_USAGE
#include "usage.h"
#include "applets.h"
;
#undef MAKE_USAGE
#else
#define usage_messages 0
#endif /* SHOW_USAGE */


/* Include generated applet names, pointers to <applet>_main, etc */
#include "applet_tables.h"
/* ...and if applet_tables generator says we have only one applet... */
#ifdef SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN
#undef ENABLE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL
#define ENABLE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL 1
#undef USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL
#define USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(...) __VA_ARGS__
#endif


#if ENABLE_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE

#include "usage_compressed.h"
#include "unarchive.h"

static const char *unpack_usage_messages(void)
{
	char *outbuf = NULL;
	bunzip_data *bd;
	int i;

	i = start_bunzip(&bd,
			/* src_fd: */ -1,
//FIXME: can avoid storing these 2 bytes!
			/* inbuf:  */ (void *)packed_usage + 2,
			/* len:    */ sizeof(packed_usage));
	/* read_bunzip can longjmp to start_bunzip, and ultimately
	 * end up here with i != 0 on read data errors! Not trivial */
	if (!i) {
		/* Cannot use xmalloc: will leak bd in NOFORK case! */
		outbuf = malloc_or_warn(SIZEOF_usage_messages);
		if (outbuf)
			read_bunzip(bd, outbuf, SIZEOF_usage_messages);
	}
	dealloc_bunzip(bd);
	return outbuf;
}
#define dealloc_usage_messages(s) free(s)

#else

#define unpack_usage_messages() usage_messages
#define dealloc_usage_messages(s) ((void)(s))

#endif /* FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE */


static void full_write2_str(const char *str)
{
	full_write(STDERR_FILENO, str, strlen(str));
}

void FAST_FUNC bb_show_usage(void)
{
	if (ENABLE_SHOW_USAGE) {
#ifdef SINGLE_APPLET_STR
		/* Imagine that this applet is "true". Dont suck in printf! */
		const char *p;
		const char *usage_string = p = unpack_usage_messages();

		if (*p == '\b') {
			full_write2_str("\nNo help available.\n\n");
		} else {
			full_write2_str("\nUsage: "SINGLE_APPLET_STR" ");
			full_write2_str(p);
			full_write2_str("\n\n");
		}
		dealloc_usage_messages((char*)usage_string);
#else
		const char *p;
		const char *usage_string = p = unpack_usage_messages();
		int ap = find_applet_by_name(applet_name);

		if (ap < 0) /* never happens, paranoia */
			xfunc_die();
		while (ap) {
			while (*p++) continue;
			ap--;
		}
		full_write2_str(bb_banner);
		full_write2_str(" multi-call binary\n");
		if (*p == '\b')
			full_write2_str("\nNo help available.\n\n");
		else {
			full_write2_str("\nUsage: ");
			full_write2_str(applet_name);
			full_write2_str(" ");
			full_write2_str(p);
			full_write2_str("\n\n");
		}
		dealloc_usage_messages((char*)usage_string);
#endif
	}
	xfunc_die();
}

#if NUM_APPLETS > 8
/* NB: any char pointer will work as well, not necessarily applet_names */
static int applet_name_compare(const void *name, const void *v)
{
	int i = (const char *)v - applet_names;
	return strcmp(name, APPLET_NAME(i));
}
#endif
int FAST_FUNC find_applet_by_name(const char *name)
{
#if NUM_APPLETS > 8
	/* Do a binary search to find the applet entry given the name. */
	const char *p;
	p = bsearch(name, applet_names, ARRAY_SIZE(applet_main), 1, applet_name_compare);
	if (!p)
		return -1;
	return p - applet_names;
#else
	/* A version which does not pull in bsearch */
	int i = 0;
	const char *p = applet_names;
	while (i < NUM_APPLETS) {
		if (strcmp(name, p) == 0)
			return i;
		p += strlen(p) + 1;
		i++;
	}
	return -1;
#endif
}


void lbb_prepare(const char *applet
		USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(, char **argv))
				MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
void lbb_prepare(const char *applet
		USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(, char **argv))
{
#ifdef __GLIBC__
	(*(int **)&bb_errno) = __errno_location();
	barrier();
#endif
	applet_name = applet;

	/* Set locale for everybody except 'init' */
	if (ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT && getpid() != 1)
		setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL
	/* Redundant for busybox (run_applet_and_exit covers that case)
	 * but needed for "individual applet" mode */
	if (argv[1] && !argv[2] && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
		/* Special case. POSIX says "test --help"
		 * should be no different from e.g. "test --foo".  */
		if (!ENABLE_TEST || strcmp(applet_name, "test") != 0)
			bb_show_usage();
	}
#endif
}

/* The code below can well be in applets/applets.c, as it is used only
 * for busybox binary, not "individual" binaries.
 * However, keeping it here and linking it into libbusybox.so
 * (together with remaining tiny applets/applets.o)
 * makes it possible to avoid --whole-archive at link time.
 * This makes (shared busybox) + libbusybox smaller.
 * (--gc-sections would be even better....)
 */

const char *applet_name;
#if !BB_MMU
bool re_execed;
#endif


/* If not built as a single-applet executable... */
#if !defined(SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN)

USE_FEATURE_SUID(static uid_t ruid;)  /* real uid */

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG

/* applets[] is const, so we have to define this "override" structure */
static struct BB_suid_config {
	int m_applet;
	uid_t m_uid;
	gid_t m_gid;
	mode_t m_mode;
	struct BB_suid_config *m_next;
} *suid_config;

static bool suid_cfg_readable;

/* check if u is member of group g */
static int ingroup(uid_t u, gid_t g)
{
	struct group *grp = getgrgid(g);

	if (grp) {
		char **mem;

		for (mem = grp->gr_mem; *mem; mem++) {
			struct passwd *pwd = getpwnam(*mem);

			if (pwd && (pwd->pw_uid == u))
				return 1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

/* This should probably be a libbb routine.  In that case,
 * I'd probably rename it to something like bb_trimmed_slice.
 */
static char *get_trimmed_slice(char *s, char *e)
{
	/* First, consider the value at e to be nul and back up until we
	 * reach a non-space char.  Set the char after that (possibly at
	 * the original e) to nul. */
	while (e-- > s) {
		if (!isspace(*e)) {
			break;
		}
	}
	e[1] = '\0';

	/* Next, advance past all leading space and return a ptr to the
	 * first non-space char; possibly the terminating nul. */
	return skip_whitespace(s);
}

/* Don't depend on the tools to combine strings. */
static const char config_file[] ALIGN1 = "/etc/busybox.conf";

/* We don't supply a value for the nul, so an index adjustment is
 * necessary below.  Also, we use unsigned short here to save some
 * space even though these are really mode_t values. */
static const unsigned short mode_mask[] ALIGN2 = {
	/*  SST     sst                 xxx         --- */
	S_ISUID,    S_ISUID|S_IXUSR,    S_IXUSR,    0,	/* user */
	S_ISGID,    S_ISGID|S_IXGRP,    S_IXGRP,    0,	/* group */
	0,          S_IXOTH,            S_IXOTH,    0	/* other */
};

#define parse_error(x)  do { errmsg = x; goto pe_label; } while (0)

static void parse_config_file(void)
{
	struct BB_suid_config *sct_head;
	struct BB_suid_config *sct;
	int applet_no;
	FILE *f;
	const char *errmsg;
	char *s;
	char *e;
	int i;
	unsigned lc;
	smallint section;
	char buffer[256];
	struct stat st;

	assert(!suid_config); /* Should be set to NULL by bss init. */

	ruid = getuid();
	if (ruid == 0) /* run by root - don't need to even read config file */
		return;

	if ((stat(config_file, &st) != 0)       /* No config file? */
	 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)                /* Not a regular file? */
	 || (st.st_uid != 0)                    /* Not owned by root? */
	 || (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH))  /* Writable by non-root? */
	 || !(f = fopen_for_read(config_file))      /* Cannot open? */
	) {
		return;
	}

	suid_cfg_readable = 1;
	sct_head = NULL;
	section = lc = 0;

	while (1) {
		s = buffer;

		if (!fgets(s, sizeof(buffer), f)) { /* Are we done? */
// why?
			if (ferror(f)) {   /* Make sure it wasn't a read error. */
				parse_error("reading");
			}
			fclose(f);
			suid_config = sct_head;	/* Success, so set the pointer. */
			return;
		}

		lc++;					/* Got a (partial) line. */

		/* If a line is too long for our buffer, we consider it an error.
		 * The following test does mistreat one corner case though.
		 * If the final line of the file does not end with a newline and
		 * yet exactly fills the buffer, it will be treated as too long
		 * even though there isn't really a problem.  But it isn't really
		 * worth adding code to deal with such an unlikely situation, and
		 * we do err on the side of caution.  Besides, the line would be
		 * too long if it did end with a newline. */
		if (!strchr(s, '\n') && !feof(f)) {
			parse_error("line too long");
		}

		/* Trim leading and trailing whitespace, ignoring comments, and
		 * check if the resulting string is empty. */
		s = get_trimmed_slice(s, strchrnul(s, '#'));
		if (!*s) {
			continue;
		}

		/* Check for a section header. */

		if (*s == '[') {
			/* Unlike the old code, we ignore leading and trailing
			 * whitespace for the section name.  We also require that
			 * there are no stray characters after the closing bracket. */
			e = strchr(s, ']');
			if (!e   /* Missing right bracket? */
			 || e[1] /* Trailing characters? */
			 || !*(s = get_trimmed_slice(s+1, e)) /* Missing name? */
			) {
				parse_error("section header");
			}
			/* Right now we only have one section so just check it.
			 * If more sections are added in the future, please don't
			 * resort to cascading ifs with multiple strcasecmp calls.
			 * That kind of bloated code is all too common.  A loop
			 * and a string table would be a better choice unless the
			 * number of sections is very small. */
			if (strcasecmp(s, "SUID") == 0) {
				section = 1;
				continue;
			}
			section = -1;	/* Unknown section so set to skip. */
			continue;
		}

		/* Process sections. */

		if (section == 1) {		/* SUID */
			/* Since we trimmed leading and trailing space above, we're
			 * now looking for strings of the form
			 *    <key>[::space::]*=[::space::]*<value>
			 * where both key and value could contain inner whitespace. */

			/* First get the key (an applet name in our case). */
			e = strchr(s, '=');
			if (e) {
				s = get_trimmed_slice(s, e);
			}
			if (!e || !*s) {	/* Missing '=' or empty key. */
				parse_error("keyword");
			}

			/* Ok, we have an applet name.  Process the rhs if this
			 * applet is currently built in and ignore it otherwise.
			 * Note: this can hide config file bugs which only pop
			 * up when the busybox configuration is changed. */
			applet_no = find_applet_by_name(s);
			if (applet_no >= 0) {
				/* Note: We currently don't check for duplicates!
				 * The last config line for each applet will be the
				 * one used since we insert at the head of the list.
				 * I suppose this could be considered a feature. */
				sct = xmalloc(sizeof(struct BB_suid_config));
				sct->m_applet = applet_no;
				sct->m_mode = 0;
				sct->m_next = sct_head;
				sct_head = sct;

				/* Get the specified mode. */

				e = skip_whitespace(e+1);

				for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
					/* There are 4 chars + 1 nul for each of user/group/other. */
					static const char mode_chars[] ALIGN1 = "Ssx-\0" "Ssx-\0" "Ttx-";

					const char *q;
					q = strchrnul(mode_chars + 5*i, *e++);
					if (!*q) {
						parse_error("mode");
					}
					/* Adjust by -i to account for nul. */
					sct->m_mode |= mode_mask[(q - mode_chars) - i];
				}

				/* Now get the the user/group info. */

				s = skip_whitespace(e);

				/* Note: we require whitespace between the mode and the
				 * user/group info. */
				if ((s == e) || !(e = strchr(s, '.'))) {
					parse_error("<uid>.<gid>");
				}
				*e++ = '\0';

				/* We can't use get_ug_id here since it would exit()
				 * if a uid or gid was not found.  Oh well... */
				sct->m_uid = bb_strtoul(s, NULL, 10);
				if (errno) {
					struct passwd *pwd = getpwnam(s);
					if (!pwd) {
						parse_error("user");
					}
					sct->m_uid = pwd->pw_uid;
				}

				sct->m_gid = bb_strtoul(e, NULL, 10);
				if (errno) {
					struct group *grp;
					grp = getgrnam(e);
					if (!grp) {
						parse_error("group");
					}
					sct->m_gid = grp->gr_gid;
				}
			}
			continue;
		}

		/* Unknown sections are ignored. */

		/* Encountering configuration lines prior to seeing a
		 * section header is treated as an error.  This is how
		 * the old code worked, but it may not be desirable.
		 * We may want to simply ignore such lines in case they
		 * are used in some future version of busybox. */
		if (!section) {
			parse_error("keyword outside section");
		}

	} /* while (1) */

 pe_label:
	fprintf(stderr, "Parse error in %s, line %d: %s\n",
			config_file, lc, errmsg);

	fclose(f);
	/* Release any allocated memory before returning. */
	while (sct_head) {
		sct = sct_head->m_next;
		free(sct_head);
		sct_head = sct;
	}
}
#else
static inline void parse_config_file(void)
{
	USE_FEATURE_SUID(ruid = getuid();)
}
#endif /* FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG */


#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID
static void check_suid(int applet_no)
{
	gid_t rgid;  /* real gid */

	if (ruid == 0) /* set by parse_config_file() */
		return; /* run by root - no need to check more */
	rgid = getgid();

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG
	if (suid_cfg_readable) {
		uid_t uid;
		struct BB_suid_config *sct;
		mode_t m;

		for (sct = suid_config; sct; sct = sct->m_next) {
			if (sct->m_applet == applet_no)
				goto found;
		}
		goto check_need_suid;
 found:
		m = sct->m_mode;
		if (sct->m_uid == ruid)
			/* same uid */
			m >>= 6;
		else if ((sct->m_gid == rgid) || ingroup(ruid, sct->m_gid))
			/* same group / in group */
			m >>= 3;

		if (!(m & S_IXOTH))           /* is x bit not set ? */
			bb_error_msg_and_die("you have no permission to run this applet!");

		/* _both_ sgid and group_exec have to be set for setegid */
		if ((sct->m_mode & (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP)) == (S_ISGID | S_IXGRP))
			rgid = sct->m_gid;
		/* else (no setegid) we will set egid = rgid */

		/* We set effective AND saved ids. If saved-id is not set
		 * like we do below, seteiud(0) can still later succeed! */
		if (setresgid(-1, rgid, rgid))
			bb_perror_msg_and_die("setresgid");

		/* do we have to set effective uid? */
		uid = ruid;
		if (sct->m_mode & S_ISUID)
			uid = sct->m_uid;
		/* else (no seteuid) we will set euid = ruid */

		if (setresuid(-1, uid, uid))
			bb_perror_msg_and_die("setresuid");
		return;
	}
#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG_QUIET
	{
		static bool onetime = 0;

		if (!onetime) {
			onetime = 1;
			fprintf(stderr, "Using fallback suid method\n");
		}
	}
#endif
 check_need_suid:
#endif
	if (APPLET_SUID(applet_no) == _BB_SUID_ALWAYS) {
		/* Real uid is not 0. If euid isn't 0 too, suid bit
		 * is most probably not set on our executable */
		if (geteuid())
			bb_error_msg_and_die("must be suid to work properly");
	} else if (APPLET_SUID(applet_no) == _BB_SUID_NEVER) {
		xsetgid(rgid);  /* drop all privileges */
		xsetuid(ruid);
	}
}
#else
#define check_suid(x) ((void)0)
#endif /* FEATURE_SUID */


#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER
/* create (sym)links for each applet */
static void install_links(const char *busybox, int use_symbolic_links)
{
	/* directory table
	 * this should be consistent w/ the enum,
	 * busybox.h::bb_install_loc_t, or else... */
	static const char usr_bin [] ALIGN1 = "/usr/bin";
	static const char usr_sbin[] ALIGN1 = "/usr/sbin";
	static const char *const install_dir[] = {
		&usr_bin [8], /* "", equivalent to "/" for concat_path_file() */
		&usr_bin [4], /* "/bin" */
		&usr_sbin[4], /* "/sbin" */
		usr_bin,
		usr_sbin
	};

	int (*lf)(const char *, const char *);
	char *fpc;
	unsigned i;
	int rc;

	lf = link;
	if (use_symbolic_links)
		lf = symlink;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(applet_main); i++) {
		fpc = concat_path_file(
				install_dir[APPLET_INSTALL_LOC(i)],
				APPLET_NAME(i));
		// debug: bb_error_msg("%slinking %s to busybox",
		//		use_symbolic_links ? "sym" : "", fpc);
		rc = lf(busybox, fpc);
		if (rc != 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
			bb_simple_perror_msg(fpc);
		}
		free(fpc);
	}
}
#else
#define install_links(x,y) ((void)0)
#endif /* FEATURE_INSTALLER */

/* If we were called as "busybox..." */
static int busybox_main(char **argv)
{
	if (!argv[1]) {
		/* Called without arguments */
		const char *a;
		unsigned col, output_width;
 help:
		output_width = 80;
		if (ENABLE_FEATURE_AUTOWIDTH) {
			/* Obtain the terminal width */
			get_terminal_width_height(0, &output_width, NULL);
		}
		/* leading tab and room to wrap */
		output_width -= MAX_APPLET_NAME_LEN + 8;

		dup2(1, 2);
		full_write2_str(bb_banner); /* reuse const string... */
		full_write2_str(" multi-call binary\n"
		       "Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko\n"
		       "and others. Licensed under GPLv2.\n"
		       "See source distribution for full notice.\n"
		       "\n"
		       "Usage: busybox [function] [arguments]...\n"
		       "   or: function [arguments]...\n"
		       "\n"
		       "\tBusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix\n"
		       "\tutilities into a single executable.  Most people will create a\n"
		       "\tlink to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox\n"
		       "\twill act like whatever it was invoked as!\n"
		       "\n"
		       "Currently defined functions:\n");
		col = 0;
		a = applet_names;
		while (*a) {
			int len;
			if (col > output_width) {
				full_write2_str(",\n");
				col = 0;
			}
			full_write2_str(col ? ", " : "\t");
			full_write2_str(a);
			len = strlen(a);
			col += len + 2;
			a += len + 1;
		}
		full_write2_str("\n\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER && strcmp(argv[1], "--install") == 0) {
		const char *busybox;
		busybox = xmalloc_readlink(bb_busybox_exec_path);
		if (!busybox)
			busybox = bb_busybox_exec_path;
		/* -s makes symlinks */
		install_links(busybox, argv[2] && strcmp(argv[2], "-s") == 0);
		return 0;
	}

	if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
		/* "busybox --help [<applet>]" */
		if (!argv[2])
			goto help;
		/* convert to "<applet> --help" */
		argv[0] = argv[2];
		argv[2] = NULL;
	} else {
		/* "busybox <applet> arg1 arg2 ..." */
		argv++;
	}
	/* We support "busybox /a/path/to/applet args..." too. Allows for
	 * "#!/bin/busybox"-style wrappers */
	applet_name = bb_get_last_path_component_nostrip(argv[0]);
	run_applet_and_exit(applet_name, argv);

	/*bb_error_msg_and_die("applet not found"); - sucks in printf */
	full_write2_str(applet_name);
	full_write2_str(": applet not found\n");
	xfunc_die();
}

void FAST_FUNC run_applet_no_and_exit(int applet_no, char **argv)
{
	int argc = 1;

	while (argv[argc])
		argc++;

	/* Reinit some shared global data */
	xfunc_error_retval = EXIT_FAILURE;

	applet_name = APPLET_NAME(applet_no);
	if (argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
		/* Special case. POSIX says "test --help"
		 * should be no different from e.g. "test --foo".  */
//TODO: just compare applet_no with APPLET_NO_test
		if (!ENABLE_TEST || strcmp(applet_name, "test") != 0)
			bb_show_usage();
	}
	if (ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID)
		check_suid(applet_no);
	exit(applet_main[applet_no](argc, argv));
}

void FAST_FUNC run_applet_and_exit(const char *name, char **argv)
{
	int applet = find_applet_by_name(name);
	if (applet >= 0)
		run_applet_no_and_exit(applet, argv);
	if (!strncmp(name, "busybox", 7))
		exit(busybox_main(argv));
}

#endif /* !defined(SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN) */


#if ENABLE_BUILD_LIBBUSYBOX
int lbb_main(char **argv)
#else
int main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
#endif
{
#if defined(SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN)
	/* Only one applet is selected by the user! */
	/* applet_names in this case is just "applet\0\0" */
	lbb_prepare(applet_names USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(, argv));
	return SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN(argc, argv);
#else
	lbb_prepare("busybox" USE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(, argv));

#if !BB_MMU
	/* NOMMU re-exec trick sets high-order bit in first byte of name */
	if (argv[0][0] & 0x80) {
		re_execed = 1;
		argv[0][0] &= 0x7f;
	}
#endif
	applet_name = argv[0];
	if (applet_name[0] == '-')
		applet_name++;
	applet_name = bb_basename(applet_name);

	parse_config_file(); /* ...maybe, if FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG */

	run_applet_and_exit(applet_name, argv);

	/*bb_error_msg_and_die("applet not found"); - sucks in printf */
	full_write2_str(applet_name);
	full_write2_str(": applet not found\n");
	xfunc_die();
#endif
}